12. Conflicts without limits

Due to their virulence and local and global impact, two conflicts, with the dimension of extremely bloody wars, stand out in the current geostrategic framework: the war against Ukraine and the war against Hamas and Gaza. With different origins, divergent histories and disparate regional environments, these two incomparable conflicts have transported the 21st century to previously unknown levels of global confrontation and fracture. The multilateral system that emerged from the Second World War has crumbled and the responses of the international community are incoherent. What is the impact of these and other limitless conflicts at the current moment? How have they changed the world? How to recover the diplomatic and political tools for its management? What leadership is necessary to change the dynamics of the moment?

• Pilar Bonet, journalist, former correspondent of the newspaper El País in the Soviet Union, author of Náufragos del imperio (Galaxia Gutenberg, 2023)
• Cristina Gallach, former deputy secretary general of the UN, former secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and member of Global Women Leaders-voices for change and equality (GWL-Voices)